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中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

　　资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

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　　今天（1月11日）下午，国务院联防联控机制召开新闻发布会，介绍重点机构和重点场所疫情防控有关情况。要点如下↓

　　重点人群、重点机构、重点场所仍是防控重点

　　实施“乙类乙管”措施后，重点人群、重点机构、重点场所仍然是防控重点。

　　养老机构、社会福利机构等场所要加强健康监测和早期干预，确保重症高风险人员能够及时发现、及时转诊、及时救治。

　　商超、物流、餐饮、交通等行业的从业人员要加强个人防护，做好自我健康监测，出现症状及时报告。

　　关于养老机构等脆弱人群集中场所疫情防控

　　一是内部分区管理，防止不同区域间交叉感染。

　　二是在疫情严重期间，经科学评估适时采取封闭管理，防范疫情引入和扩散风险。

　　三是疫情流行期间外来人员进入机构应提前预约，提供48小时内核酸检测阴性证明及现场抗原检测阴性结果。

　　四是明确机构就诊定点医院，建立就医优先的绿色通道，对机构内感染人员可第一时间转运和优先救治。

　　关于商场、超市和农贸市场疫情防控

　　一是加强人员防护。做好员工自我健康监测，如有相关症状要及时报告并开展抗原或核酸检测；员工工作期间全程佩戴口罩、一次性手套等防护用品；引导顾客全程规范佩戴口罩，不再测温和查验健康码。

　　二是加强环境卫生消毒。商超、农贸（集贸）市场要加强通风换气，每日开窗通风2一3次。商超要对公共用品和设施，每日清洁消毒不少于2次，及时清理垃圾。农贸（集贸）市场要对批发档口进行集中统一清洁消毒。摊位经营者应履行“一日一清洁”等要求，每日营业后及时消毒。

　　三是提倡无接触服务。鼓励顾客优先采用扫码付款方式结账，尽量减少人员接触和排队时间。鼓励线下与线上购物相结合，因地制宜开展即时零售、网订店送等服务。

　　中疾控专家：仍需继续做好个人防护，以下情形尤其应佩戴口罩

　　实施“乙类乙管”之后，是否有必要继续戴口罩？中国疾控中心传防处研究员常昭瑞回应表示，当前国内新冠病毒感染疫情仍处于不同流行阶段，仍需继续做好个人防护，科学规范佩戴口罩，尤其在以下情形：

　　一是进入医院、商场超市、室内会场、机场车站等环境密闭、人员密集的公共场所，乘坐飞机高铁等公共交通工具、厢式电梯时，需全程规范佩戴医用外科口罩或以上等级口罩；

　　二是进入养老机构、社会福利机构等脆弱人群集中场所时；

　　三是出现发热、干咳、乏力、咽痛等新冠感染相关症状时；

　　四是近距离接触或护理有新冠感染者或有相关症状者时；

　　五是医务工作者，交通运输、商场、超市、餐饮、旅游、保洁、快递等从事公众服务及密闭场所工作人员。

　　▌本文来源：央视新闻微信公众号（ID：cctvnewscenter）

　　（文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎）